Atomic Show #285 – MMR at Illinois
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has a stretch goal of completing its next research and test reactor by the end of 2025. It has assembled a team that includes several other major universities, national labs, and industrial partners.
It has selected the MMRTM, a product that is being developed by USNC (Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation), for its ability to meet most of a long list of important attributes that will support a wide range of university research and development goals.
For this Atomic Show, I spoke with Dr. Katy Huff, Dr. Caleb Brooks – both of whom are on the UIUC engineering faculty – and Mark Mitchell, the USNC executive leading the MMR development program.
They explained the history of their visionary project and provided the basis for their firm belief that they can license and build a new research and test reactor within the next five years.
Why does UIUC need a new reactor?
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has a long tradition of leadership and innovation in nuclear science, technology and engineering. For 38 years (1960-1998) it proudly operated the Triga-Mark II research reactor to support student development and to contribute to the advancement of nuclear science and technology.
But that valuable asset was, like so many US research reactors, decommissioned during the Dark Ages of US nuclear power development in the 1990s.
By the end of that decade, student enrollment in nuclear engineering and science majors had dropped to near the fiducial level, there were few, if any prospects for new nuclear power projects, and federal support for nuclear research had been completely eliminated in during several budget cycles.
Universities didn’t see any reason to keep supporting research reactors, so they shut them down.
But concerns about fossil fuel sustainability and climate change have helped to renew global interest in nuclear energy development and deployment. Students are again selecting nuclear focused majors and are developing new ideas about ways to use nuclear technologies to improve the human condition.
Even though student interest in nuclear has been growing in the US for at least 15 years, university research reactor shutdowns have continued and no new ones have been built.
Leaders in nuclear at UIUC decided several years ago that they need to take aggressive action to address the growing challenge of increasing student population and fewer physical reactors for them to use in their education, research and professional development programs.
Why the MMR? Why now?
University research reactors have always been modest in their thermal power capability, and they have generally been designed with passive safety features that make them appropriate for student learning and management.
Even though the 15 MWth MMR is designed to provide useful power and electricity, it is also designed to be extremely safe without operator action. With its molten salt heat storage separating the nuclear reactor heat source from the adjacent plant heat conversion system, it is also designed for flexibly shifting its production from electricity to heat or to other useful products.
That flexibility is attractive to a large university that has a variety of student research endeavors along with a large physical plant that includes on-campus power and heat generation. Like many US universities, UIUC has a district heating system that supplies more than 200 buildings with steam heat. The total load during winter months is more than 50 MWth.
In addition, the university power plant supplies 50-75 MWe from a growing assortment of renewable energy systems as well as the coal and natural gas that provide the majority of the power.
UIUC students have expressed a great deal of interest in moving their university away from fossil fuels and have targeted their campus steam and power supply as something that needs an emission-free replacement.
Since Illinois is home to more nuclear power plants than any other state in the US, many of the students and town residents already have a favorable view about nuclear energy as a tool for addressing CO2 emissions.
In the FY2020 budget, Congress and the Administration included funds for the Department of Energy to create an Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program that included pathways amenable to university research, demonstration and test reactors.
That funding potential stimulated the already developing team to move forward faster. They put together what they hope will be a winning proposal for one of the Risk Reduction awards that will be announced in December.
How can UIUC expect to complete a project by 2025?
UIUC has several advantages that enables a reasonable opportunity for successfully completing a new research and test reactor by the end of 2025.
The system fits well within the established parameters of a research and test reactor that can be operated with an NRC class 104 license. The process for these license applications is well established and can be completed in significantly less time than a commercial class 103 license process.
As a university research reactor, UIUC has access to a DOE fuel leasing program that already has an allotment of the high assay, low enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel used in the MMR design. Fabrication services for the Triso and FCM fuel elements is already available on the research reactor scale.
With its large campus heat and power system, the university can be its own customer and has no need to engage in the lengthy process of arranging for off-take agreements for the heat and power that will be produced.
Project leaders have already begun the process of building community interest and support for hosting a new nuclear research reactor that can also help in efforts to reduce CO2 emissions.
The site of the existing power and heat plant has adjacent space that will enable the new thermal heat source to help reduce fuel consumption.
Other programs in the Grainger College of Engineering can also lend support and obtain value for their students.
How can I learn more about the project?
If our discussion piques your interest, you can find out more about the MMR at Illinois by visiting https://npre.illinois.edu/about/nuclear-powered-uiuc. You and also contact the project team at micro-reactor@illinois.edu.
As always, you can also engage in the discussion here. There is a good chance that one or more of the project team members will participate and address your questions or comments.
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It is very difficult to find out the cost of this reactor. Nuclear needs to compete on COST!!!
I also wonder if MMR could follow the same process with the NRC that Oklo did?
Commercial products need to compete on costs. This is a research tool that has many uses and produces numerous non existent capabilities for the university. Initial cost is just one of several measures of effectiveness.
That’s a very fair point on cost for this research reactor. At the same time, this research reactor is great advertising for Ultra Safe Nuclear and for students who would want to implement their tech in industrial applications. Future costs will be a key factor in the ability to make sales.
I will love to hear if they need to qualify the TRISO fuel for several years in the same way that the graphic ball style TRISO has been undergoing testing. In other words, can they deliver the fuel?
Rod, the fuel looks like a possibility for Adams Atomic Engines….
Gee. I hadn’t noticed. (Grin)
Ya, I thought you might have overlooked the possibility which is why I was sure you needed to be reminded… (grin).
I did notice that expensive helium was being used rather than nitrogen. I wonder what the actual efficiency difference is between the two gases?
I really like the MMR design that separates the nuclear heat generation from the various uses of that heat. I love the use of the Molten Salt for the transition. The use of LEU that is almost HEU is fantastic giving a 20 year run time between refueling.
I especially like that the reactor will produce industrial level outputs in various directions. Brilliant!
The fact that the controls will be aimed at a rotating student staff gives a lot of hope that the reactors can be used in places that are marginal or have a corrupt government or lower educational level.
The type of fuel is a perfect fit for deepisolation disposal.